
JEFFREY ST. CLAIR
+ That Demosthenes of the MAGA movement, Steve Bannon, has reversed
himself on the Iran war and is now, as Gen. David Petraeus said to his
lover/biographer, “all in:” “President Trump’s in. We’re in, too. We’re
gonna go back and re-do what Alexander the Great did 2,300 years ago.”
The image of Trump as Alexander is worthy of a cartoon by Gary Larson or
R. Crumb. Imagine the size of the crane necessary to hoist Trump’s
gargantuan girth onto the back of poor Bucephalus, the world’s most
famous war horse.
After Alexander’s army subdued Persepolis, the spiritual capital of
the Achaemenid Persian Empire for more than two centuries, he ordered
the ancient city annihilated, in a reenactment of the genocidal
destruction of Melos during the Peloponnesian War–a shocking act of
depravity that many of Alexander’s admirers in the manosophere of the
classical age, desperate to portray him as an enlightened despot, a
philosopher king, blamed on a woman, a courtesan named Thaīs. Thaîs, a
hetaira from Athens, was, along with Alexander’s childhood friend and
lover Hesphastion, the Macedonian warlord’s most intimate companion
during his rampages across Asia Minor and the Subcontinent. According
to the Greek historian Cleitarchus, a near contemporary of Alexander,
Thaīs instigated the destruction of Persepolis, claiming that she used
her erotic charms to seduce the young tyrant into burning the capital in
revenge for Xerxes’s destruction of Athens in 480 BCE, one hundred and
fifty years before Alexander’s army routed Darius and ended the
Achaemenid dynasty.
The historian Diodorus Siculus reprised Cleitarchus’ misogynistic
account in 80 BCE, at a time when Julius Caesar was beginning to view
himself as Alexander reincarnate: “It was most remarkable that the
impious act of Xerxes, king of the Persians, against the acropolis at
Athens should have been repaid in kind after many years by one woman, a
citizen of the land which had suffered it, and in sport.”
The truth is that Alexander almost certainly burned the city himself “in sport” and probably drunk, as was his violent custom. The
burning of Persepolis was less about revenge for past wrongs than a
brutal warning to other cities and empires that might resist against
Macedonian hegemony. Alexander and his father, Philip II, had burned
plenty of Greek cities in their conquest of Greece. Philip razed
Aristotle’s hometown of Stagira and Alexander demolished Thebes. Later,
the boy tyrant would burn and loot his way across the Levant, Palestine,
Iraq, Egypt, Afghanistan and India. It’s what being a “world conqueror”
is all about, as the Romans showed when they destroyed Carthage in 146
BCE and, according to legend if not fact, sowed the ground with salt so that the Punic capital could never again rise to threaten the Empire.
I’ve always been drawn to the theory that Aristotle, one of the first
mycologists, arranged the assassination of Alexander of Macedon by
shipping poisonous mushrooms, with detailed instructions on how to
prepare them, to Babylon, after the great ethicist witnessed in horror
what a genocidal psychopath his former student had become, after the
burning of Persepolis and the murder in a drunken rage of his friend
Cleitus the Black, who had saved his life at the crucial Battle of
Granicus.
After Alexander’s death, Aristotle was chased out of the Lyceum by
Athenians, who were now free to vent their anger against anyone
associated with the heavy-handed hegemon from Pella. Apparently, the
Athenians were unimpressed by the claims that AlexanderThaīs incinerated
Persepolis on their behalf. and with good reason because the
Macedonians had, in fact, allied themselves with Xerxes during the
second Persian invasion and the sacking of Athens. (As
for Thais, she didn’t return to Athens, but instead married Alexander’s
leading general, Ptolemy, moved to Alexandria and gave birth to the
dynasty that would rule Egypt until Octavian and Marius defeated
Cleopatra and Marc Antony at Actium in 30 BCE.)
Saying he fled Athens to prevent Athenians from “sinning twice
against philosophy” (ie, killing him after having executed Socrates),
Aristotle spent the last year of his life on his mother’s old estate in
Chalcis, where he died at 67 of a mysterious stomach ailment in 322 BCE.
(Was he poisoned in retaliation for poisoning Alexander?)
The text of Aristotle’s remarkable will, which is clearer than any
written by an estate lawyer these days, was preserved by two Muslim
scholars (Al Garib and Ishaq bin Hunayn), who chose to record and
translate the last testament of the conqueror’s teacher. It’s highly
unlikely the Christians would have done the same. In fact, in 392,
Theophilius of Alexandria, a Bishop of the Christian Church, destroyed
the Serapeum and urged Christian mobs to ransack the last Neo-Platonist
school in the city and murder its leader, Hypatia, one of the first
(that we know of) female philosophers and mathematicians.
COUNTERPUNCH